KVASNITSKY OLEKSII VOLODYMYROVYCH

KVASNITSKYY OLEKSII VOLODYMYROVYCH

(24.02.1900–27.11.1989)

The life path of the outstanding Ukrainian physiologist and embryologist began in the village of Lysa Gora, Pervomaisky district, Mykolaiv region. Oleksii Volodymyrovych was born on February 24, 1900 in a poor peasant family.

He received his secondary education at the Dobrovil Teachers' Seminary, which he graduated from in 1920. After that, he entered the Kamianets-Podilskyi Agricultural Institute, which he graduated from in 1925.

He began his teaching career at the Vinnytsia Agricultural College, teaching anatomy and physiology of agricultural animals until the end of 1930.

Furthermore, O. V. Kvasnytskyi's scientific and pedagogical activities were connected with the Poltava region.From 1931 until the last days of his life, he worked at the Poltava Research Institute of Pig Breeding (now the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).

Olexey Volodymyrovych successfully combined his research activities with the education of students as the head (part-time) of the Department of Physiology of Farm Animals of the Poltava Agricultural Institute (1936–1971).

The circle of scientific interests of Kvasnytsky O.V. covered the issues of physiology of metabolism, digestion of pigs, as well as the physiology of reproduction and artificial insemination of farm animals. The result of active and fruitful scientific activity was the awarding of the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences in 1936 without the defense of a dissertation for the collection of published works.

Continuation of research in this direction was the basis of the doctoral dissertation on the topic "Physiology of gastric juice secretion and digestion in pigs", which Oleksiy Volodymyrovych defended in 1940 at Kharkiv State University. According to the opinion of Professor N. G. Ponirovsky of the Kharkiv Veterinary Institute, which he stated in the review of the work "Gastric juice secretion and digestion in pigs", presented as a doctoral dissertation, more than one dissertation could be written from the provided material. The review of the corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Professor of the 1st Kharkiv Medical University G. V. Folbort states: "the work has recommended the author as a highly initiative scientific worker with an indisputable creative and critical direction of thought. Almost all issues are resolved by the author with the help of new methodological techniques and variations of existing methods developed by him. Thanks to this, the work contains a lot of completely new factual material. Many of the materials that were obtained by the author have direct practical value - his data on age-related changes in the stomach, as well as under the influence of various feeds. "

A year later, in 1941, he was awarded the academic title of professor of the Department of Agricultural Animals. From 1939 to 1941, O. V. Kvasnitsky participated in the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, and in 1939 for scientific achievements in the physiology of pigs and was awarded the Small Gold Medal, in 1940 - the Large Silver Medal.

In 1951, for outstanding scientific achievements, O. V. Kvasnitsky was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and in 1956 he became an academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Agriculture. Sciences.

In ycix of his scientific developments, O. V. Kvasnytsky was a pioneer. 3 The development of knowledge in Ukraine on the age physiology of farm animals is associated with his name. He deeply and consistently investigated the physiology of digestion, metabolism, higher nervous activity, anatomical and physiological features of lactation and reproduction of pigs. It was the fundamental study of the physiology of reproduction that made it possible to develop and widely introduce into production the most effective fractional method of artificial insemination of pigs. These fundamental studies also became the basis for O. V. Kvasnytsky's development of methods for surgical transplantation of rabbit, sheep and pig embryos. In 1950, Oleksiy Volodymyrovych performed the first successful surgical transplantation of preimplantation embryos into pigs,which was proven by the birth of live piglets-transplants. These studies have entered the world history of animal reproduction biotechnology.

In 1964, at the initiative of Academician Kvasnitsky O.V., a specialized station for artificial insemination of pigs was created for the first time in the USSR in the city of Poltava.

Also, O. V. Kvasnitsky theoretically substantiated and proved in practice the high efficiency of the system of continuous farrowings, very early weaning of piglets developed by him with an increase in the intensity of use of sows to 2.7 farrowings per year. Together with Doctor of Biological Sciences N. A. Martynenko, he worked on the development of a new highly effective method of polybaric stimulation of multiple births and high fertility of sows due to increased uteroplacental blood flow, and later on the development of a new technology for surgical transplantation of pig embryos.

Alexey Volodymyrovych is the author of numerous original methods for studying physiological processes, the inventor and designer of many devices and installations protected by 26 copyright certificates. Specialists from various cities of the former USSR, Czechoslovakia, Cuba, Bulgaria, and China trained in his laboratory. He prepared a whole galaxy of talented scientists - 35 candidates and doctors of sciences, of whom N. A. Martynenko, V. F. Kovalenko, M. M. Mankivska, L. O. Konyukhova, V. O. Konyukhova and M. M. Sarycheva were always his constant assistants and like-minded people.

The scientific works of O. V. Kvasnytsky - over 200 monographs, textbooks, brochures, articles - are widely known to the world scientific community, they were translated into French, Hungarian, Czech, Estonian and other languages.

O. V. Kvasnytsky combined scientific work with public activities: he was a member of the Central Council of the Ukrainian and All-Union Physiological Societies, a member of the editorial board of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia and the "Physiological Journal of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR", headed the Poltava Regional Branch of the "Knowledge" Society, was permanent member of the International Organizing Committee for Convening International Congresses on Reproductive Biology and Artificial Insemination.

For many years of fruitful work in the field of science, O. V. Kvasnytsky has been repeatedly awarded with awards and prizes. Aleksei Volodymyrovych was awarded two Orders of B. I. Lenin, two Orders of the Badge of Honor, two Certificates of Honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR and four medals.

In 1974, for the development and introduction into production of the fractional method of artificial insemination of pigs, O. V. Kvasnytsky was awarded the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR.

In 1960, he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Ukrainian SSR, in 1966 - Hero of Socialist Labor, and in 1967, by the decision of the City Council of People's Deputies, he was awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of Poltava.

Olexei Volodymyrovych died on November 27, 1989 and was buried in Poltava.

LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE SCIENTIST

Kovalenko V.F. Kvasnytskyi Oleksiy Volodymyrovych. Scientists in the field of animal husbandry/ UAAN. Kyiv: Agrarian Science, 1999. Book. 2. P.162–164. (Series "Ukrainian scientists-agrarians of the 20th century")
Aleshchenko M. I., Iustinov V. I. Life milestones of academician O.V. Kvasnytskyi. Use of physiological, genetic selection and technological methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural animals: materials of the scientific-production conference, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of academician A.V. O. V. Kvasnytsky / UAAN, PDATA. Kamianets-Podilskyi, 2000. P. 9–12.
Blyznyuchenko A. G. To the history of the development of the fractional method of artificial insemination of pigs. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2000. No. 1. P. 23–26.
Blyznyuchenko A. G. Reliable assistants of academician A. V. Kvasnytsky. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2000. No. 1. P. 37–39.
Blyznyuchenko A. G. Touching the great, the true and the honest. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2000. No. 1. P. 30–31.
Gais N. N. Intellectual with golden hands. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava 2000. No. 1. P. 29–39.
Garmash T. P. Academician Oleksiy Volodymyrovych Kvasnytsky in the history of the physiology of farm animals of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2007. 180 p.-(History of education, science and technology: in schools, directions, names; Book 8).
Garmash T. P. Academician O. V. Kvasnytskyi's creative contribution to the development of animal physiology in Ukraine: author's abstract. dis... candidate of agricultural sciences / UAAN. O. V. Kvasnytskyi Pig Breeding Institute. Poltava, 2006. 20 p.
Heroes of the quiz. Oleksiy Volodymyrovych Kvasnytskyi [Electronic resource]. Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University: official website. URL: http://pdatu.edu.ua/news/3211-geroi-viktoryny-oleksii-volodymyrovych-kvasnytskyi.html
Kvasnytskyi Oleksiy Volodymyrovych. Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University: People and Fates. Part 1: From a graduate of the PSATU to a full member of the NAAS of Ukraine: biobibliographic index / compiled by L. A. Positko; edited by O. M. Tsyganok, L. A. Positko; PSATU, Scientific Library, Information and Reference Department. Kamianets-Podilskyi: PSATU, 2014. 63 p.
Kvasnytskyi Oleksiy Volodymyrovych (1900 – 1969) [Electronic resource]. Regional Information Portal "Prybuzhzhya": [website]. URL: http://www.regportal.mk.ua/2012-03-21-12-12-30/849—-1900–1969.
Kvasnitsky Oleksiy Volodymyrovych (1900-1989) (Doctor of Sciences, Academician Kvasnitsky Oleksiy Volodymyrovych [Electronic resource]. Героbстраны : [website]. URL: : http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=17668
Kvasnytskyi Oleksiy Volodymyrovych (1900–1989) – scientist-physiologist, professor, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Ukrainian SSR, Poltava, Poltava region. DAPO. F. r-9166. Op. 10597. 14 cases.
Kvasnytskyi Oleksiy Volodymyrovych. Sciences bright horizons…: Poltava residents – laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology:biobibliographic reference book. Part 1 / compiled by N. M. Trebin; Poltava. regional. library for youth named after O. Gonchar. Poltava, 2014. 28 p. URL: https://www.libgonchar.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=251%3A2014-09-04-13-01-05&catid=210&lang=uk
Kovalenko V. F. Scientist-designer, inventor. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava 2000. No. 1. P. 35–36.
Kovalenko V. F. Theoretical and practical aspects of scientific developments of academician O. V. Kvasnytsky. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2000. No. 1. P. 17–19.
Kovalenko V. F., Martynenko N. A. Academician O. V. Kvasnitsky and the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava 2001. No. 2–3. P. 6–9
Kovalenko V. F., Nagayevych V. M., Garmash T. P. Academician Kvasnitsky Oleksiy Volodymyrovych (1900–1989): life and creative path. Poltava, 2005;
Konyukhova L. A. The Wisdom of a Teacher. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2000. No. 1. P. 27–28.
Korobka L. Pioneers become in mature years. Poltava Bulletin. 2010. Feb. 26. P. 8.
Leva T. Oleksiy Kvasnytskyi – a special pride of the Mykolaiv region. URL: https://imykolayivchanyn.com/uk/eternal-oleksij-kvasnyczkyj-osoblyva-gordist-mykolayivshhyny
Martynenko N. A. Academician O. V. Kvasnytskyi – a pioneer in the field of physiology of farm animals. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agrarian Academy. 2002. No. 5-6. P. 22–25.

Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the priority of many theoretical developments of Academician of the Ukrainian SSR O. V. Kvasnitsky is shown.

Martynenko N. A. Development of methods for transplantation of mammalian embryos by Academician A. V. Kvasnitsky and his school. 2000. No. 1. P. 20–22.
Martynenko N. A., Sarycheva M. M. Academician O. V. Kvasnitsky - teacher and educator. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2001. No. 4. P. 72–73.
Novikova O. N. A mentor for life. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava, 2000. No. 1. P. 32–48.
Rybalko V. P., Pisarenko V. M. Our outstanding contemporary is academician O. V. Kvasnytsky. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava 2000. No. 1. P. 6–9.
Work "Fractional method of artificial insemination of pigs". Kvasnytsky Oleksiy Volodymyrovych, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, head of the laboratory of the Poltava Research Institute of Pig Breeding. Boris Paton National Prize Committee: official website. URL: https://kdpu-nt.gov.ua/uk/content/robota-frakciynyy-metod-shtuchnogo-osimeninnya-svyney
Samorodov V. M., Ivanenko P. I. Kvasnitsky Oleksiy Volodymyrovych. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine [Electronic resource] / Red. : I. M. Dzyuba, A. I. Zhukovsky, M. G. Zheleznyak [et al.] ; NAS of Ukraine, NTSh, Institute of Encyclopedic Research of NAS of Ukraine. Kyiv:, 2012. URL: https://esu.com.ua/article-11566
Sarycheva M. M. Schastye studies with A. V. Kvasnytskyi. Bulletin of the Poltava State Agricultural Institute. Poltava 2000. No. 1. P. 33–34.
The violinist from Lysaya Gora was the first in the world to bring piglets out of a test tube: [Alexei Vladimirovich Kvasnytskyi]. Nikolayevskie novosti. 2017. N 80 (July 5). P. 8: photo. (Famous Nikolaevs).
Shytyuk M.M., Gorburov E.G., Horburov K.E. Kvasnytsky Oleksiy Volodymyrovych. Glory and pride of the Mykolaiv region: a textbook. Mykolaiv: Shamrai P. M., 2012. pp. 151–157.